| Submission to first decision
(The average time from manuscript submission to desk rejection, direct rejection/acceptance or assignment to the first editor) Note: For manuscripts that fully comply with the journal template. However, this timeframe does not apply to manuscripts with formatting or guideline deficiencies. If a manuscript is returned to the authors for corrections, the administrative review process will restart from the re-submission date. |
3 weeks |
|---|---|
| Submission to decision after review (For papers that are sent to review, the average time from submission to receipt of first editor decision) | 6 weeks |
| Submission to final decision (The average time from manuscript submission to the final editorial decision) | 16 weeks |
| Submission to publication (The average time from acceptance to publication. Manuscript published in early view are also included in this calculation) | 24 weeks |
ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia
2026 , Vol 64 , Num 4
Synergistic and antagonistic effects of different bee products on coagulation mechanism: In vitro prothrombin time analysis using the Quick method
1 İstanbul Medipol University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul, Türkiye2 University of Health Sciences, Hamidiye Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Plant and Animal Production, Istanbul, Türkiye
3 İstanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Istanbul, Türkiye
4 İstanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul, Türkiye
DOI : 10.23893/1307-2080.APS64031 Viewed : 19 - Downloaded : 3 Hemostasis is a dynamic process regulated by platelets and the coagulation cascade. However, the role of bee products on coagulation parameters is not yet fully understood. We evaluated the effects of individual and combined applications of bee products on prothrombin time (PT) using the Quick method in vitro. The bee products studied include honey, beeswax, royal jelly, propolis, bee pollen, and bee venom, examined both individually and in various combinations (double, triple, quadruple, and quintuple). Our findings revealed that the individual bee products resulted in limited changes in PT (ΔPT: 0–3 seconds), while the combinations produced significantly greater and more variable effects. Notably, PT was significantly prolonged (with a maximum increase of 33 seconds) in double and quadruple combinations that included bee venom. Interestingly, when propolis was part of a five-component combination, the PT value returned to the control level. These results indicate that the effects of bee products do not increase linearly; instead, they display synergistic, antagonistic, and modulatory interactions that depend on the specific composition of each combination. In conclusion, combinational approaches should be considered for evaluating the hemostatic effects of bee products, and further studies are needed to clarify these interactions. Keywords : bee products, Quick method, prothrombin time, coagulation, hemostasis