| Submission to first decision
(The average time from manuscript submission to desk rejection, direct rejection/acceptance or assignment to the first editor) Note: For manuscripts that fully comply with the journal template. However, this timeframe does not apply to manuscripts with formatting or guideline deficiencies. If a manuscript is returned to the authors for corrections, the administrative review process will restart from the re-submission date. |
3 weeks |
|---|---|
| Submission to decision after review (For papers that are sent to review, the average time from submission to receipt of first editor decision) | 6 weeks |
| Submission to final decision (The average time from manuscript submission to the final editorial decision) | 16 weeks |
| Submission to publication (The average time from acceptance to publication. Manuscript published in early view are also included in this calculation) | 24 weeks |
ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia
2026 , Vol 64 , Num 2
Development and optimization of a yogurt-based nutraceutical lozenge: A quality by design approach
1 University Harapan Bangsa, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Pharmacy Study Program, Purwokerto, Indonesia2 University Harapan Bangsa, Faculty of Health Diploma in Nursing Program, Purwokerto, Indonesia
3 University Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Faculty of Pharmacy, Purwokerto, Indonesia
4 University Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Health, Department of Nutrition, Purwokerto, Indonesia
DOI : 10.23893/1307-2080.APS64014 Viewed : 791 - Downloaded : 376 Yogurt is a functional food rich in probiotics and bioactive compounds but limited by short shelf life and storage constraints. This study aimed to develop a yogurt-based nutraceutical lozenge incorporating peanut sprout, ginger, and lemongrass using a Quality by Design (QbD) approach. A Simplex Lattice Design was applied to optimize Avicel PH 102 and Isomalt ratios for improved friability, hardness, and dissolution. The optimized formulation showed friability <1% and hardness between 4.67?7.33 kg, meeting pharmacopeial standards. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and X-ray Diffraction confirmed an amorphous structure, enhancing dissolution. Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed porous morphology for rapid disintegration, while Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy confirmed organic composition. QbD ensured a reproducible, stable, and pharmaceutically acceptable lozenge. This approach demonstrated the feasibility of transforming yogurt into a shelf-stable solid dosage form with retained bioactivity. Future studies should address long-term stability, sensory properties, and in vivo pharmacokinetics to support commercial application. Keywords : lozenges, optimization, quality by design, simplex lattice design, yogurt