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ACTA Pharmaceutica Sciencia
2026 , Vol 64 , Num 3
Synergistic protective effects of zinc and vitamins against flonicamid induced biochemical changes, oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in male rabbits
1 Food and Biotechnology Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan2 University of the Punjab, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
3 Applied Chemistry Research Centre, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
DOI : 10.23893/1307-2080.APS64026 Viewed : 503 - Downloaded : 238 Flonicamid exerts toxicity in humans and environment, which requires a thorough risk assessment to ensure safety. This study evaluated the efficacy of zinc and vitamins to mitigate flonicamid induced toxicity in male rabbits. For this purpose, the experimental rabbits were categorized into four groups. GI group was control, while the GII, GVI and GVII groups were orally administered with flonicamid (18 mg/kg) for 30 days. The GVI and GVII groups also received zinc chloride (5 mg/kg) alone and in combination with vitamin C and E (each 100 mg/kg) prior to flonicamid administration respectively. Flonicamid toxicity observed in animals significantly increased hepatic enzymes, decreased antioxidant enzymes with severe changes in the hepatic histo-architecture. Significant improvement was observed in the hepatic enzyme activities and tissue histology in the GVII group followed by GVI group, corroborating the synergetic protective effects of Zn and vitamins in ameliorating flonicamid induced hepatotoxicity. Keywords : flonicamid, toxicity, vitamins, zinc, hepatic marker enzymes